News
Monday 11th December 2023
What is news?
L/O: to explore the history of the news industry and the genres of newspaper.
What are the four elements of the theoretical framework?
- Media language, audience, representation.
What elements are included when analysing mise en scene?
- Costume, lighting, hair and makeup, props, setting.
Which three contexts are studied as part of the theoretical framework?
- Historical, political and social.
What does the term denotation refer to?
- What something is.
What does the term connotation refer to?
- What is represented.
What is the purpose of news?
- Entertain
- Educate
- Inform
- Profit
- Influence
- Persuade
The news is now being created by everyone all over the world because of the internet. For example, the war that is taking place right now is not being reported by professional news people it is being videoed and shared by people living that live there to spread awareness, show everyone what. it is really like an obviously to make the news. News spreads quickly now days because of the younger generations access to social media e.g. internet. Newspapers are taking place in the printing matter.
The peak of newspaper circulation was in the 1960s.
There has been a decline in newspaper circulation since television.
Class divide?
- Broadsheet
- Tabloid
Tabloid - Popular Press And Red Top
- The Sun
- The Mirror
- The Star
Hybrid - Middle Market Tabloid / Mix Of Both
- Daily Mail
- Daily Express
Broadsheet - High Quality Press
- The Telegraph
- The Times
- The Guardian
- The Financial Times
Monday 8th January 2024 ABSENT
Monday 15th January 2024
1. Scotts Trust.
2. Media Baron, Rupert Murdoch.
3. Cross media conglomerate, DMG media.
4. Lord Rothermere.
5. 71%.
How does media ownership contribute to news bias?
- Commercial advertising.
- Political opinion of owner.
- Business interests of owners / friends.
- Profit, newspapers are not PSB, news is not 'non fiction' it is stories designed to sell.
Notes:
- Newspapers are not usually profitable, but are seen as a means of gaining political and social influence.
- The guardian and observer are owned by a trust.
- The liberal values have meant support from the Guardian for both the labour party and the liberal democrats.
- The guardian media group bought the observer in 1993.
The political bias of the uk's national newspapers:
The guardian - the papers readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion and the term ‘guardian reader’ is used to imply a stereotype of a person with liberal, left wing or ‘politically correct views.
The mirror - fairly left wing.
The independent - political views, the independent is generally described as centre to centre left, liberal and liberal left.
The times - in general, the political position of the times newspaper is considered to be centre right.
The telegraph - fairly right wing.
The sun - conservative populism, right wing politics, euro scepticism.
The daily express - political allegiance. With the expectance of the 2001 general election when it backed the Labour Party, and the 2015 general election when it backed the UK Independence Party, the newspaper has declared it’s support for the Conservative Party at every general election since world war 2.
The daily mail - editorial stance. As a right wing tabloid, the mail is traditionally a supporter of the Conservative Party.
Notes:
- Newspaper editors invariably insist in public that the owner never interferes with the content of the newspapers.
- The owner however, will appoint the editor.
- British politicians have routinely met with Rupert before elections.
How do newspapers make money?
- Selling and advertising space to business.
- Traditional display ads.
- Sponsored content.
- Some newspapers require readers to pay a fee to access their content.
- Paywalls and memberships.
- Circulation.
- 1960s newspapers depended on circulation and advertising for revenu.
FUNDING:
Free Press
- If a country has a free press, its newspapers, magazines, television and radio stations are able to express any opinions they want, even if these criticise the government and other organisations.
Monday 29th January 2024
Freedom and Regulation
For regulation;
- Protect privacy.
- Hold newspapers to account.
Against regulation;
- Press freedom to avoid bias.
- No control, meaning they can investigate sensitive areas.
News Paper Case Study - Observer
L/O: to investigate the audience for the observer publication.
- Buy from shops.
- Social media sites.
- Websites.
- Apps.
Who owns the guardian / observer?
- Scott Trust.
What political stance do they have?
- Left Wing.
How are they regulated?
- Self regulated.
How do they make money?
- Advertising sales, sponsorships etc.
They don't have a paywall, why?
- Because not everyone will pay, they will have more readers and a wider audience if it's free on their website.
Observer target audience;
Age - one third of the audience 15 to 34 and two thirds are 35+.
Gender - 50 - 50 male and female.
Where they live - mostly in London and the south.
Social class - middle class. Upmarket readers, 68% class AB. 78% class ABC1.
Political view - left wing.
Interests - arts and culture, food and drink.
- When newspapers operate online there is a technological and cultural convergence.
Convergence - when two or more things come together to form a new whole.
- It applies to the observer because it has come together to social media sites.
- Digital convergence helps the observer appeal to a wider audience by allowing the sharing of information, services and resources across different devices and platforms.
Monday 5th February 2024
Do now
- Two ways that newspapers are funded is through sponsored content and memberships / subscriptions. Sponsored content is when premium content that a sponsor pays a publisher to create and distribute, this is used when a newspaper / news source does something to distribute something to a brand or different company and make money from that. A Membership / subscriptions is where you sing up to something and maybe pay monthly, for example pay for the newspapers to find out information non membership people may have access to. In conclusion, that is how i think newspapers can be funded.
Media Language
L/O: to investigate how print newspapers use media language to create meaning.
Advantage of online:
- Easy access.
- Don't have to pay for people to make newspapers.
Disadvantage of online:
- More effort to access.
- Easier to spread fake news.
- Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.
- Internationalism is a political principle that advocates greater political or economic cooperation among states and nations. It is associated with other political movements and ideologies, but can also reflect a doctrine, belief system, or movement in itself.
- Patriarchy / Anti Sexism is a social system in which positions of dominance and privilege are held by men.
- Consumerism is basically buying things.
- Multiculturalism is appreciating different cultures.
- Racism and anti racism.
- Celebrity culture.
- Attitudes to gender and sexualities.
Typography - the style and appearance of printed matter.
Layout - the way in which the parts of something are arranged or laid out.
Lexis - the total stock of words in a language.
Colour palette - the full range of colours that can be displayed.
Mise - en - scene - the arrangement of the scenery, props, makeup etc. on the stage of a theatrical production or on the set of a film.
Monday 19th February 2024
Print:
- Audience would not need technology to access the news.
- But costs money to produce for the industry.
- More effort to get compared to online.
Political Bias (left / middle)
- Left Wing is for the people.
- Supporting Ukraine therefore, left wing.
- The observer is showing Ukrainian pleads.
Owned by Guardian media group
- Newspaper of the year, promotes the link to the guardian media group.
Representations, people, cultures, places, race, gender, sexuality, class
- Different culture being promotes e.g. Ukraine.
- Egypt news.
- Different countries.
- Focuses on loads of different countries.
- Talks about an Italian town.
- talks about Rio de Jeniro.
- Talks about Sweden.
- Kardashians.
Variety of features
Choice of text / image placement and size
Monday 26th February 2024
L/O: to evaluate the impact of social, cultural, political and historic contexts on 1960s newspapers.
Typography - the style and appearance of printed matter.
Layout - how different elements of the newspaper are places on the page.
Lexis - the total stock of words in a language, words used.
Masthead - the title of a newspaper.
Skybox - the section at the top of the newspaper.
Historical Case Studies
Guardian / observer now - the same.
Monday 4th March 2024
Navigation Bar
- A link to appropriate sections, pages in a website that helps readers in traversing online doc.
Banner refers to
- A heading or advertisement appearing on a web page in the form of a bar, column or box.
Pull Quote
- Made up of text that is pulled from the text.
Standfirst
- The first summary paragraph of a text in a newspaper article.
Masthead
- The title of the newspaper.
1. 'Lawyers will urge divorce by consent' - getting a move towards gender equality, women were now allowed to file for divorce. Social change started. Patriarchal society of the 1960's. Because law council was staffed by men and women didn't have the same rights to divorce.
2. 'Wilson Brown market clash' - political news story surrounding Europe and relationships with Britain, it is a complex relationship .
3. 'So polite, this North Sea Spy Game', 'America accused of spy frame up' - cold war was a decades long struggle for global supremacy that pitted the capitalist united states against the communist soviet union. Russia, Britain, Russian planes over the UK, 'spy' 'game' suggest fun. Historical context of the war. Fear of invasion.
4. 'Jackie: We're very happy' - shows she is only mentioned because she is married to a man and is a mixed raced couple.
5. 'Unions postpone strike' - illustrates the high level of coverage of strikes in 1960's. showed an increase in social power. The only female politician in all three front pages with power. Barbara is promoting an equal gender pay. Start of social change.
6. 'Briton shoots a gold' - article mentions the black power protest at the Mexico olympics, reflecting the anti racist movements of the 1960s, the unselfconscious use of the term 'negro'.
7. 'Stephen Pollock... with Elizabeth Vambe, 21, a Rhodesian born African' - shown on the front cover of a newspaper because they are a mixed raced couple.
8. 'Hopes rise for cease fire in Vietnam' - physical war, death. Cease fire, movement to oppose governments. Social power, to confront and criticise government.
Monday 11th March 2024
Historical Case Studies
L/O: to evaluate the impact of social, cultural, political and historic contexts on 1960s newspapers and to structure an exam style response.
Social issues in 1960s - no gender equality, large amount of racism, homophobia, cold war.
1. Address the question
2. An example from the observer of how they reflect context.
3. Explain what this example indicates about the context of production.
4. Link back to the question.
- Explain how broadsheet newspapers reflect the time and historic contexts in which they were published. Refer to the Observer front page from October 20th 1966 that you have studied to support your answer. (10 marks).
Point 1 - The Observer cover from the 1960s reflects that racism was apparent in society. An example of this is in the headline 'Briton shoots for Gold'. This clearly indicates that in society in the 1960s we saw more racism because of the civil right protest being ended in suspension and the use of the word 'Negroe' as it's shown as everyday speech, and the interview showing no education for black people without sport, this is a perceptive idea of racism. That is one way newspapers reflect the time of their production and the contextual issues that are in that time.
Point 2 - The Observer cover from the 1960s reflects that gender was a massive source of inequality in society. An example of this is in the headline 'Marshall & Snelgrove'. This clearly indicates that in society in the 1960s we saw gender inequality through the advert on the newspaper because of the women being sexualised through the use of the lingerie they have dressed the women in. That shows that the newspaper is for men therefore gender inequality. That is another way newspapers reflect the time of their production and the contextual issues that are in that time.
Point 3 - The Observer cover from the 1960s reflects on the war that happened during the 1960s. An example of this is in the headlines 'Human wave attack' and 'American accused of spy frame up'. This clearly indicates that war was taking place because of the Vietnam troops and one of the five big attacks being stated underneath that headline but also our knowledge of the 1960s. That is one other way newspapers reflect the time of their production and the contextual issues that are in that time.
Monday 18th March 2024
Exam Format
L/O: To explore the exam format and content for the News Unit.
Do Now
1) In the 1960 Observer front page, how would the copy appear?
- Copy dominates the front page.
2) In the 1960s Observer, what does the masthead consist of?
- The Observer title.
3) In the 1960s Observer front cover, how many stories are covered on the front page?
- 9+.
4) In the 1960s Observer front cover, where do the adverts feature?
- In a column to the very right hand side of the cover.
5) What do the bylines reveal about the Observer front covers?
- That men dominate the content of news.
Question 6
- Globalisation.
- Broadsheet.
Question 7
- Two reasons why print newspapers survive despite the growth of online news is that print attracts an older audience because they prefer and like the traditional way. Another way print newspapers survive is that people who have no internet access will buy the print newspapers.
Question 8
- An under represented social group on the cover of the Observer is; age and race. They are represented through the main image because of the 'silence is violence' protest, suggesting the BLM ( black lives matter ) move, representing race. Age is shown through the skybox because of 'gardens special' being stated, this suggests it is more for the older generation because stereotypically older people like gardening.
+
- An under represented social group on the cover of the Observer is; gender and race, it is shown through the sky box showing a picture of Samira Ahmed. She is shown as a strong, powerful, confident female role. This comes through the image and lexis used in the headline e.g 'The women who shamed the BBC'.
Monday 25th March 2024
Conventions of tabloid newspaper covers - small amount of writing, lots of images, red and white masthead.
Conventions of broadsheet newspaper covers - lots of writing, one main image, lots of articles.
Which is Observer - Broadsheet because it had lots of text.
- Broadsheet.
- Tabloid.
Guided practice question 9
L/O: to explore the exam format for question 9 for the news unit and apply analysis skills and exam writing technique.
L - media language.
I - industry.
A - audience.
R - representation.
Genre = Type of newspaper e.g tabloid and broadsheet.
Introduction - vast amount of copy, masthead, one main image, headline.
Paragraph 1 - masthead is bold, serif, black and white, capital and lower case = Serious news, traditional element due to font used, capitals and lower case show a formal element to news,
Paragraph 2 - image, mid shot, press conference, staged photograph opportunity, Rishi Sunak and American politician, image is positive, body language, shaking hands smiling, formality in the suits. Hard news because it is politics, it is expected in the industry for a broadsheet. UK + US work together politically and have done throughout history e.g WW1 and 2. Flags show a union.
- The media language in the front page of the observer reflects the genre conventions of a broadsheet. We see this from the masthead, image and copy.
An example of this is in the formal masthead, the masthead in extract three is bold, written in serif, capitals and lowercase and is black and white, this clearly indicates that the Observer establishes itself as serious / hard news, and due to the serif font being used has a traditional element, also, the capital and lower case used shows a formal element towards news. Therefore, it is clearly evident that the observer does use media language to reflect the generic conventions of a broadsheet newspaper.
Another example the media language in a front page of the observer reflects the genre conventions of a broadsheet is through the main image. The main image is a mid shot at a press conference of Rishi Sunak and an American politician. This clearly indicates that the observer establishes itself as positive as well as a hard news newspaper due to the image being based on politics. We can see that through the body language / shaking hands and smiles from Sunak and American politician. Formality is also shown through the suits and clothing warn. It is expected in the industry for a broadsheet to be based on hard news, the UK and US work together politically and have done throughout history e.g during WW1 and WW2, the flags also show a union. In conclusion, it is clearly evident that the observer does use media language to reflect the generic conventions of a broadsheet newspaper.
Monday 22nd April 2024
What are the values and beliefs of the Observer newspaper?
- Politically left wing, change, progress, equality, supporting others are the values and beliefs.
What are the conventions of a broadsheet newspaper?
- Lots of copy, complex lexis, around 3 images, 1 image on the headline, black serif masthead.
Exam Format Q9
L/O: To explore the exam format and content for the News Unit.
Question 9
- Judgement and Context.
L - media language.
I - industry.
A - audience.
R - representation.
- Multiculturalism.
- Lifestyles.
- Democracy / Liberal viewpoint.
- Consumerism.
- Celebrity culture.
Media Language elements of the cover:
- Masthead
- Image/s
- Colour Palette
- Layout
- Text
Context in the cover:
- Celebrity culture
- Gender roles
- Multiculturalism
- Lifestyles in skybox
- It looks like a broadsheet.
My Answer:
- The media language in the front page of the Observer reflects the generic conventions of a broadsheet newspaper. An example of this is shown through the images. This clearly indicates that the Observer establishes itself as a broadsheet. For example, the main image meets the context of multiculturalism, gender roles and celebrity culture. We can see this through the main image being a picture of the well known singer 'Raye'. She fits the contexts of multiculturalism by being mixed race and also represents gender roles and celebrity culture because she is a female and a popular celebrity who has won multiple Brit awards.
Another way the media language in the front page of the Observer reflects the generic conventions of a broadsheet newspaper is through the layout, mainly through the skybox. This clearly indicates that the Observer establishes itself as a broadsheet. For example, the skybox layout meets the context of lifestyle. We can see this through the title ''Experts' fashion tips''. This shows the representations of what celebrity culture is like and what type of things gets represented through their existence. It also shows what type of things the audience want and like.
Lastly, one other way media language in the front page of the Observer reflects the generic conventions of a broadsheet newspaper is through the masthead. We see this through the use of colour palette and font of the text. it is traditional and unchanged. The colour palette is black and the font chose is serif. In conclusion, it is clearly evident that the Observer does use media language to reflect the generic conventions of a broadsheet newspaper.
8/1/24- Great work from the first lesson, read through what you missed today and make a few notes on the slides.
ReplyDelete5/2- Excellent- 4/4- T: Check terminology used.
ReplyDelete22/4- Great use of context and analysis. T: 2. rememeber to clearly analyse the media langauge and how it fits a broadsheet first, the one image that doesn't take the whole page reflects the serious news content of a broadsheet.
ReplyDelete